Consumer protection: definitions compared

EU consumer law: consumer contracts, commercial practices, consumer credit, enforcement and redress. 243 terms defined in 19 related EU acts, in English; 58 of them in more than one act. Proposals and repealed acts are included and marked.

Also compared: Digital, Employment and company law, Energy and climate, Finance, Health and pharma, Product safety, Sustainability and ESG · All groups combined · overview

How to read the table

First the earliest act to define the term
Reference defines it by pointing to another act’s definition
Partial reference its own text and a reference
Same wording the same text as an earlier act
Own wording its own text, compared word by word with the first act
Proposal Repealed the act is a Commission proposal, or no longer in force

Each act links to its definition in the reader. Open a term for the texts and the differences, or follow its name to its own page.

Term	Acts	Defined in
active recipient of an online platform	1	DSA First

active recipient of an online search engine	1	DSA First

ADR entity	1	ADR Directive First

ADR procedure	1	ADR Directive First

advertisement	1	DSA First

Advisory services	2	MCD First CCD2 Own wording

ancillary contract	1	Consumer Rights Directive First

Ancillary service	2	MCD First CCD2 Same wording

Annual percentage rate of charge	2	MCD First CCD2 Own wording

antiques	1	GPSR First

applicant authority	1	CPC Regulation First

Appointed representative	1	MCD First

APR	1	CCD2 First

APRC	1	MCD First

authorised representativeSame word, other meaning in: Right to Repair Directive	2	GPSR First Product Liability Directive Own wording

authorised representativeSame word, other meaning in: GPSR, Product Liability Directive	1	Right to Repair Directive First

Borrowing rate	2	CCD2 First MCD Reference

Bridging loan	1	MCD First

Bundling practice	2	MCD First CCD2 Own wording

business day	1	Payment Accounts Directive First

business premises	1	Consumer Rights Directive First

business-to-consumer commercial practices	2	UCPD First Green Claims proposal Reference Proposal

caching	1	DSA First

card-based payment instrument	1	Geo-blocking Regulation Reference

certification scheme	2	UCPD First Green Claims proposal Reference Proposal

code of conduct	1	UCPD First

code owner	1	UCPD First

collective interests of consumers	1	Representative Actions Directive First

commercial communication	1	DSA Reference

commercial guarantee	2	Consumer Rights Directive First Sale of Goods Directive Own wording

commercial guarantee of durability	1	Consumer Rights Directive First

commercial unit	1	CCD2 First

compatibility	3	DCD First Consumer Rights Directive Reference Sale of Goods Directive Own wording

Competent authority	4	ADR Directive First MCD Own wording Payment Accounts Directive Own wording CPC Regulation Own wording

component	1	Product Liability Directive First

consumable	1	UCPD First

ConsumerSame word, other meaning in: Price Indication DirectiveSame word, other meaning in: Right to Repair Directive	15	Unfair Terms Directive First UCPD Own wording Consumer Rights Directive Own wording ADR Directive Same wording MCD Reference Payment Accounts Directive Same wording CPC Regulation Same wording Geo-blocking Regulation Own wording DCD Own wording Sale of Goods Directive Own wording Representative Actions Directive Same wording DSA Own wording Green Claims proposal Reference Proposal GPSR Same wording CCD2 Own wording

consumerSame word, other meaning in: Unfair Terms Directive, UCPD, Consumer Rights Directive, ADR Directive, MCD, Payment Accounts Directive, CPC Regulation, Geo-blocking Regulation, DCD, Sale of Goods Directive, Representative Actions Directive, DSA, Green Claims proposal, GPSR, CCD2Same word, other meaning in: Right to Repair Directive	1	Price Indication Directive First

consumerSame word, other meaning in: Unfair Terms Directive, UCPD, Consumer Rights Directive, ADR Directive, MCD, Payment Accounts Directive, CPC Regulation, Geo-blocking Regulation, DCD, Sale of Goods Directive, Representative Actions Directive, DSA, Green Claims proposal, GPSR, CCD2Same word, other meaning in: Price Indication Directive	1	Right to Repair Directive First

consumer complaint	1	CPC Regulation First

content moderation	1	DSA First

Contingent liability or guarantee	1	MCD First

Credit agreement	2	MCD First CCD2 Own wording

Credit institution	2	MCD Reference Payment Accounts Directive Reference

credit interest rate	1	Payment Accounts Directive First

Credit intermediary	2	MCD First CCD2 Own wording

credit transfer	2	Payment Accounts Directive First Geo-blocking Regulation Reference

Creditor	2	MCD First CCD2 Own wording

Creditworthiness assessment	1	MCD First

crisis-relevant goods	1	GPSR Reference

cross-border dispute	1	ADR Directive First

cross-border representative action	1	Representative Actions Directive First

customer	1	Geo-blocking Regulation First

dangerous product	1	GPSR First

data	1	Product Liability Directive Reference

debt advisory services	1	CCD2 First

designated body	1	CPC Regulation First

digital content	3	DCD First Consumer Rights Directive Reference Sale of Goods Directive Same wording

digital environment	1	DCD First

digital manufacturing file	1	Product Liability Directive First

digital service	3	DCD First Consumer Rights Directive Reference Sale of Goods Directive Same wording

Digital Services Coordinator of destination	1	DSA First

Digital Services Coordinator of establishment	1	DSA First

direct debit	2	Payment Accounts Directive First Geo-blocking Regulation Reference

dissemination to the public	1	DSA First

distance contract	3	Consumer Rights Directive First DSA Reference GPSR Reference

distributorSame word, other meaning in: Right to Repair Directive	2	GPSR First Product Liability Directive Own wording

distributorSame word, other meaning in: GPSR, Product Liability Directive	1	Right to Repair Directive First

domestic dispute	1	ADR Directive First

domestic representative action	1	Representative Actions Directive First

durability	3	Sale of Goods Directive First UCPD Reference Consumer Rights Directive Reference

Durable mediumSame word, other meaning in: Right to Repair Directive	7	Consumer Rights Directive First MCD Reference Payment Accounts Directive Own wording Package Travel Directive Own wording DCD Own wording Sale of Goods Directive Own wording CCD2 Own wording

durable mediumSame word, other meaning in: Consumer Rights Directive, MCD, Payment Accounts Directive, Package Travel Directive, DCD, Sale of Goods Directive, CCD2	1	Right to Repair Directive First

early repayment	1	CCD2 First

economic operator	2	GPSR First Product Liability Directive Own wording

electronically supplied services	1	Geo-blocking Regulation First

environmental aspect	1	Green Claims proposal First Proposal

environmental claim	2	UCPD First Green Claims proposal Reference Proposal

environmental impact	1	Green Claims proposal First Proposal

environmental label	1	Green Claims proposal First Proposal

environmental performance	1	Green Claims proposal First Proposal

established	2	ADR Directive First ADR Directive Own wording

establishment	1	Package Travel Directive Reference

European standard	1	GPSR First

European standardisation organisation	1	GPSR First

explicit environmental claim	1	Green Claims proposal First Proposal

fees	1	Payment Accounts Directive First

final decision	1	Representative Actions Directive First

financial service	1	Consumer Rights Directive First

fixed borrowing rate	1	CCD2 First

Foreign currency loan	1	MCD First

framework contract	1	Payment Accounts Directive First

free of charge	1	Sale of Goods Directive First

fulfilment service provider	2	GPSR First Product Liability Directive Partial reference

functionality	4	DCD First UCPD Reference Consumer Rights Directive Reference Sale of Goods Directive Own wording

funds	1	Payment Accounts Directive First

general conditions of access	1	Geo-blocking Regulation First

generic environmental claim	1	UCPD First

goodsSame word, other meaning in: Right to Repair Directive	4	Geo-blocking Regulation First UCPD Reference Consumer Rights Directive Reference Sale of Goods Directive Own wording

goodsSame word, other meaning in: Geo-blocking Regulation, UCPD, Consumer Rights Directive, Sale of Goods Directive	1	Right to Repair Directive First

goods made to the consumer	1	Consumer Rights Directive First

goods with digital elementsSame word, other meaning in: Sale of Goods Directive	1	DCD First

goods with digital elementsSame word, other meaning in: DCD	1	Sale of Goods Directive First

Group	1	MCD First

guarantor	1	Sale of Goods Directive First

harm to collective interests of consumers	1	CPC Regulation First

Home Member State	1	MCD First

Host Member State	1	MCD First

hosting	1	DSA First

illegal content	1	DSA First

importerSame word, other meaning in: Right to Repair Directive	2	GPSR First Product Liability Directive Own wording

importerSame word, other meaning in: GPSR, Product Liability Directive	1	Right to Repair Directive First

information society service	1	DSA Reference

infringements covered by this Regulation	1	CPC Regulation First

integration	1	DCD First

interchange fee	1	Geo-blocking Regulation Reference

intermediary service	1	DSA First

internal market emergency mode	1	GPSR Reference

international standard	1	GPSR First

interoperability	3	DCD First Consumer Rights Directive Reference Sale of Goods Directive Own wording

intra-Union infringement	1	CPC Regulation First

invitation to purchase	1	UCPD First

lack of conformity	1	Package Travel Directive First

legally resident in the Union	1	Payment Accounts Directive First

life cycle	1	Green Claims proposal First Proposal

linked credit agreement	1	CCD2 First

linked travel arrangement	1	Package Travel Directive First

making available on the market	2	GPSR First Product Liability Directive Same wording

manufacturerSame word, other meaning in: Right to Repair Directive	2	GPSR First Product Liability Directive Own wording

manufacturerSame word, other meaning in: GPSR, Product Liability Directive	1	Right to Repair Directive First

manufacturer’s control	1	Product Liability Directive First

market surveillance	1	GPSR First

market surveillance authority	1	GPSR First

mere conduit	1	DSA First

minor	1	Package Travel Directive First

national standard	1	GPSR First

Non-credit institution	1	MCD First

off-premises contract	1	Consumer Rights Directive First

online interface	4	CPC Regulation First Geo-blocking Regulation Own wording DSA Own wording GPSR Own wording

online marketplace	2	UCPD First Consumer Rights Directive Same wording

online platform	2	DSA First Product Liability Directive Reference

online search engine	1	DSA First

organiser	1	Package Travel Directive First

overdraft facility	2	Payment Accounts Directive First CCD2 Own wording

overrunning	2	Payment Accounts Directive First CCD2 Own wording

package	1	Package Travel Directive First

package travel contract	1	Package Travel Directive First

payeeSee also: payer	1	Payment Accounts Directive First

payerSee also: payee	1	Payment Accounts Directive First

payment account	2	Payment Accounts Directive First Geo-blocking Regulation Reference

payment brand	1	Geo-blocking Regulation Reference

payment instrument	2	Payment Accounts Directive Reference Geo-blocking Regulation Reference

payment order	1	Payment Accounts Directive First

payment service	2	Payment Accounts Directive Reference Geo-blocking Regulation Reference

payment service provider	2	Payment Accounts Directive Reference Geo-blocking Regulation Reference

payment transaction	2	Payment Accounts Directive First Geo-blocking Regulation Reference

personal data	2	Consumer Rights Directive Reference DCD Reference

persons with disabilities	1	DSA Reference

placing on the market	2	GPSR First Product Liability Directive Same wording

point of sale	1	Package Travel Directive First

practice	1	Representative Actions Directive First

pre-contractual information	1	CCD2 First

price	1	DCD First

primary information	1	Green Claims proposal First Proposal

producer	6	Sale of Goods Directive First UCPD Own wording Consumer Rights Directive Reference Green Claims proposal Reference Proposal GPSR Own wording Product Liability Directive Own wording

product group	1	Green Claims proposal First Proposal

products sold in bulk	1	Price Indication Directive First

professional diligence	1	UCPD First

profiling	1	CCD2 Reference

provider of an online marketplace	2	GPSR First Consumer Rights Directive Own wording

public	1	Green Claims proposal First Proposal

public auction	2	Consumer Rights Directive First Sale of Goods Directive Own wording

putting into service	1	Product Liability Directive First

qualified entity	1	Representative Actions Directive First

ranking	1	UCPD First

recall	1	GPSR First

receiving payment service provider	1	Payment Accounts Directive First

recipient of the service	1	DSA First

recognised excellent environmental performance	1	UCPD First

recommender system	1	DSA First

redress measure	1	Representative Actions Directive First

refurbishment	1	Right to Repair Directive First

regulated profession	1	UCPD First

related service	1	Product Liability Directive First

repairSee also: repairer	1	Right to Repair Directive First

repairability requirements	1	Right to Repair Directive First

repairerSee also: repair	1	Right to Repair Directive First

reparability score	1	Consumer Rights Directive First

repatriation	1	Package Travel Directive First

representative action	1	Representative Actions Directive First

requested authority	1	CPC Regulation First

retailer	1	Package Travel Directive First

risk	1	GPSR First

safe product	1	GPSR First

sales contract	3	ADR Directive First Consumer Rights Directive Own wording Sale of Goods Directive Own wording

secondary information	1	Green Claims proposal First Proposal

sellerSame word, other meaning in: Right to Repair Directive	1	Sale of Goods Directive First

sellerSame word, other meaning in: Sale of Goods Directive	1	Right to Repair Directive First

seller or supplier	1	Unfair Terms Directive First

selling price	1	Price Indication Directive First

serious risk	1	GPSR First

service	1	Geo-blocking Regulation First

service contract	2	ADR Directive First Consumer Rights Directive Own wording

services linked to the payment account	1	Payment Accounts Directive First

Shared equity credit agreement	1	MCD First

single liaison office	1	CPC Regulation First

software update	2	UCPD First Consumer Rights Directive Own wording

Staff	1	MCD First

standing order	1	Payment Accounts Directive First

start of the package	1	Package Travel Directive First

substantial connection to the Union	1	DSA First

substantial modification	1	Product Liability Directive First

sustainability label	2	UCPD First Green Claims proposal Reference Proposal

sweeps	1	CPC Regulation First

switching	1	Payment Accounts Directive First

switching service	1	Payment Accounts Directive First

terms and conditions	1	DSA First

Tied credit intermediary	1	MCD First

to materially distort the economic behaviour of consumers	1	UCPD First

to offer services in the Union	1	DSA First

Total amount of credit	2	CCD2 First MCD Reference

Total amount payable by the consumer	2	CCD2 First MCD Reference

Total cost of the credit to the consumer	2	MCD First CCD2 Own wording

trade secret	1	Product Liability Directive Reference

traderSame word, other meaning in: UCPD, Consumer Rights Directive, ADR Directive, Package Travel Directive, CPC Regulation, Geo-blocking Regulation, DCD, Representative Actions Directive, DSA, Green Claims proposal, GPSR	1	Price Indication Directive First

traderSame word, other meaning in: Price Indication Directive	11	UCPD First Consumer Rights Directive Own wording ADR Directive Own wording Package Travel Directive Own wording CPC Regulation Own wording Geo-blocking Regulation Own wording DCD Own wording Representative Actions Directive Own wording DSA Own wording Green Claims proposal Reference Proposal GPSR Own wording

transactional decision	1	UCPD First

transferring payment service provider	1	Payment Accounts Directive First

travel service	1	Package Travel Directive First

traveller	1	Package Travel Directive First

turnover	1	DSA First

Tying practice	2	MCD First CCD2 Same wording

unavoidable and extraordinary circumstances	1	Package Travel Directive First

undue influence	1	UCPD First

unfair terms	1	Unfair Terms Directive First

Union harmonisation legislation	1	GPSR First

Union laws that protect consumers’ interests	1	CPC Regulation First

unit price	1	Price Indication Directive First

value chain	1	Green Claims proposal First Proposal

verification	1	Green Claims proposal First Proposal

widespread infringement	1	CPC Regulation First

widespread infringement with a Union dimension	1	CPC Regulation First

withdrawal	1	GPSR First

The acts in this group

18 in force, 1 proposal, 0 repealed. Each act is read in its current consolidated version where Eureka holds it in this language, else as adopted. Where Eureka could not read a definition, it is left out rather than guessed, so a gap means a missing entry, never a wrong one.

Act	Status	Adopted	Terms	Coverage in English
Unfair Terms Directive 31993L0013	In force	1993-04-05	3	Complete
Price Indication Directive 31998L0006	In force	1998-02-16	5	Complete
UCPD 32005L0029	In force	2005-05-11	24	Complete
Consumer Rights Directive 32011L0083	In force	2011-10-25	27	Complete
ADR Directive 32013L0011	In force	2013-05-21	11	Complete
MCD 32014L0017Also in Finance	In force	2014-02-04	29	Complete
Payment Accounts Directive 32014L0092	In force	2014-07-23	28	Complete
Package Travel Directive 32015L2302	In force	2015-11-25	16	Complete
CPC Regulation 32017R2394	In force	2017-12-12	16	Complete
Geo-blocking Regulation 32018R0302	In force	2018-02-28	18	Complete
DCD 32019L0770Also in Digital	In force	2019-05-20	13	Complete
Sale of Goods Directive 32019L0771	In force	2019-05-20	17	Complete
Representative Actions Directive 32020L1828	In force	2020-11-25	10	Complete
DSA 32022R2065Also in Digital	In force	2022-10-19	27	Complete
Green Claims proposal 52023PC0166Also in Sustainability and ESG	Proposal	2023-03-22	19	Complete
GPSR 32023R0988Also in Product safety	In force	2023-05-10	30	Complete
CCD2 32023L2225	In force	2023-10-18	24	Complete
Right to Repair Directive 32024L1799	In force	2024-06-13	12	Complete
Product Liability Directive 32024L2853Also in Product safety	In force	2024-10-23	18	Complete

Compared on 2026-11-09. Matching is by the same defined word (singular and plural joined), never by synonyms; words that only look alike in this language but are different terms in English stay apart.

Other groups · Find an act in the reader